Usually the base which is bolted into a big concrete pad provides the essential support for a tower crane. The base is connected to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane that is affixed to the inside of the structure of the building. Often, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
Usually, the mast is a triangulated lattice structure measuring 10 feet square or 0.9m2. The slewing unit is connected to the very top of the mast. The slewing unit is made of a motor and a gear which enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are utilized in order to make sure that the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would first need to be transported to the construction site by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the equipment part of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these sections are connected to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be some of the other industrial machinery which is typically utilized to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is referred to as a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. After that, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.